I am a rubbish gardener. No one in our family has ever done their garden and I think a lot of knowledge is passed on.
Years ago my boyfriend at the time helped me do my garden up.
We cleared the borders of everything apart from established shrubs and bushes and chucked a ton of mulch/fertiliser on it. A few weeks later we pulled the weeds that were coming through out and bought a few dozen bedding plants. We planted them in a mix about 5 inches apart. He said unless it really rained I had to water every day.
I was to cut the grass every 2 weeks and apply a weed and feed type thing over the summer.
I pulled anything coming up between the plants we had put in.
I pulled out all the dead plants come November and reapplied some mulch. And repeated the preperation and planting the following May.
If you want some plants in over winter they sell winter bedding plants that should go from November onwards. Then early spring plants come out around feb.
Aldi and lidl are fab for cheap bedding plants and bits and pieces.
If you want something up a fence or wall look for a climber and fix a trellis if necessary. There are usually care instructions on the labels of bigger plants.
If you have an overgrown bush or shrub try and identify it. There are websites to help. Then you can google how and when to give it a haircut. And if it needs a skinhead or a long bob.
I would start this year with bedding plants in your raised bed/border and see how you get in. Bedding plants are pretty cheap and easy and make a big difference over the summer.
Then when you get a bit more confident you can spend a bit more.
Wilkos, B and M, Aldi and Lidl are all cheap places to buy stuff.
The best advice I can give you is just get started! Bedding plants are easy and fun. A little herb bed is easy, just pick the herbs you use and stick them in. But I would only grow mint in a pot as it's a bit rampant and will spread.
I have rosemary, thyme, chives, parsely and mint in pots. Will do some basil when I get a minute.
And you can do bedding plants in pots too for your patio.
Good luck.