Almond I mention refugees because their higher attainment levels and lack of behavioural issues, despite having very limited English and usually no qualifications or work experience, are almost certainly partly down to having a culture of valuing education, respecting reasonable authority, and being aspirational for their family. This seems to be the case irrespective of country of origin, almost without exception. These values are lacking in many of their UK born peers. Their economic poverty has been far greater than our UK students, and the things they have witnessed and survived are horrific, but many of our UK students are the result of 3rd cultural impoverishment/ poor parenting that has a catastrophic effect on their prospects. They have poor impulse control, low expectations of themselves and others, little empathy and poor social skills. Rules are disrespectful to their sense of self and only muppets follow them. They usually lack confidence and belief in themselves which they mask with agression or bored indifference. If we can engage them, and they start to see the benefits of cooperation, they can make real progress, it's amazing how quickly indifference slips away when they pass an exam or a piece of their work is put up on the whiteboard for the class to evaluate why it is such a good letter/ answer. However all this it is very labour intensive and sadly not always possible if behaviour is very disruptive, risky to others and fails to improve.
In FE colleges we can offer smaller class sizes and more support than most schools, we are also delivering a curriculum designed around the specific needs of the student which makes engagement easier. I think schools do their best but it is parents/primary carers that have the most impact on a young child's development, primary and secondary teachers with large classes can only do so much without parents backing them up. Too many of these children leave our schools uneducated, angry and unemployable.
By no means all our UK students are like this, just a significant minority. Whereas I have taught 100s of foreign adult learners without witnessing the behaviours we regularly had to manage on our other courses. Around 8% of our UK born adult learners will present with extremely challenging behaviours. One or two in each class unless the teacher is lucky.