I started teaching ten years ago. On the surface it doesn't look like much has changed, I'm still standing in front of a class of 30+ kids banging on about maths, but there have been some things which have made a big difference.
Technology - I've gone from an OHP to an IWB to a projector and whiteboard, the main thing is the amount of resources available online to help with lesson planning, Twitter is amazing for teachers to get resources, advice and CPD. The kids have access to so much more stuff at home, videos, interactive lessons, past papers and mark schemes.
Ofsted - gone from a massively stressful inspection over days where everyone was seen teaching and graded, to a far lighter touch (I've not been seen the last two Ofsteds I've been through) and no individual lesson grades. This is great but now there's far more emphasis on marking rather than observed teaching, massively increasing workload. More attention is paid to evidence-based approaches to teaching meaning we don't have to do group-work, VAK and other bollocks which is fab as I like chalk and talk and find it the most effective way to teach maths, but have previously had to pretend I've been doing discovery learning and kinaesthetic activities.
Accountability - league tables, performance measures and performance related pay now mean that each student's grades are more important to the school and teacher than the student. Things have gone insane in terms of intervention. Easter revision, half term revision, after school revision, kids being pulled out of tutor time, PE, lunch, to shove more worksheets and past papers down them. They can get through their GCSEs barely lifting a finger in terms of independent work. This has created helpless sixth formers who don't know how to learn. If they are failing, they don't need to pull their finger out because the school will swoop in and do it for them.
In the next ten years I would love to see more responsibility being put back on the kids for their learning. I'd love for my job to be to lead the horse to water, not to force its head back and syringe in joyless packets of exam facts only to be judged and paid less based on how many times it shakes it its head.