There are more options than there initially look, and whilst I do agree it would be amazing if more employers were family friendly, I also think that your flexibility as a worker is pretty key to getting a great deal here.
If you want 10-2 with a bit of travel to get to the office, plus all school holidays off, you will be waiting a very long time. Or you could work in a school as someone else has said- or in a few hours a day admin role where the actual hours themselves don't matter.
The problem is that the hours do matter for lots of jobs- if you take the 10-2 shift in a shop, someone else has to do 8-10 and 2-6 or whatever. Similarly a lot of service jobs or interacting with the public aren't realistically going to happen in some small part of the middle of the day!
Better paid are things like computer programmer/engineer or lawyer/solicitor if you can work from home, but these are jobs which are often extremely demanding, I know someone who does this, but they have to work long hours if there is a crisis, certainly couldn't clock off at 2pm if there's an issue to solve.
Setting up your own business, or doing consultancy (e.g. tutoring, or your own field) is again ideal, but in reality, everyone I know that does this hates the precariousness of their financial situation (unless they have a partner with a very steady job) and works quite long hours anyway.
If you want to be there at home time, what about evenings/Sat jobs (e.g. caring/elderly people overnights)- then the other parent gets some time with the children and you get to work.
My job is extremely family friendly, but extremely demanding, it's full time and I work most holidays, plus a bit on weekends. I don't mind, I think the trade-off with family friendliness is great, and the children seem fine with a mix of parental/childcare and are getting older anyway, so their first thought on getting in isn't to see you!