Well, the first problem is the implication that all black people are basically the same, which is as ridiculous that saying all white people are basically the same. A medical condition that is prevalent in Afro Caribbean women, for example, is not necessarily also going to be prevalent in Australian Aboriginal women or vice versa. So it was a lazy thing to say that offers no help in explaining the condition.
Socially and culturally, for those of you who quite bizarrely seem not to have noticed this, the underlying (note, not proven) "science" has often been used to support some extremely offensive, and worse than offensive, words and actions. The supposed "scientific" principles have been appropriated to justify why some races are better than others. 1930s Germany, 1950s America; consequently there is now a strong association with words like negroid/negro and mongoloid/mongol with being not just "different to the norm" but sub par, less than normal, and unworthy. The theory (note, theory, not proven scientific fact) is based on the fundamental assumption that different sub-species developed - some more than others - and you can tell how well-developed a species someone belongs to by looking at their physical characteristics.
This is why they the words are so little used nowadays - the meaning they had for the Victorian anthropologists who formed the theory and gave the names, is not the same as the meaning they have today. Word meanings change and develop, English is a living language.
I am beyond astonished that anyone would think it's ok, in any setting. It is not appropriate, and not helpful, and could be offensive. Presumably he knows the OP's racial background and could have used that, which would have been inoffensive, appropriate and helpful - the fact he chose not to suggests at best, a lack of concern for his patient's feelings.