Caitlin I will start with you. There is no discrepency in what Defuse is saying. She believes (like most/all muslims) that the Quran is a revelation from God. There are certain proofs or evidences that have convinced her personally that this is the case (its not just a simple matter of because the book says so we believe it, we believe in what the book says because we are convinced that it is a revelation from God for other reasons then just because it says so but Im not going to share that with you because its personal so dont bother asking. Do some research yourself if your interested). She mentioned one in particular but there are probably multiple evidences that have convinced her. Religious people like atheists dont hold their beliefs for one particular reason but instead there are multiple reasons why they choose to believe what they do. Oh and before you say that atheists base their ideas on proofs or whatever we have already stated there is no definitive proof that God does not exist though I do concede BackOnlys point earlier that certain ideas about God can be proved to be inaccurate. Back to what I was saying just because Defuse has a strong belief in her own religion doesnt mean that she would force that on others or not accept that other people can hold equally strong beliefs in other religions. The Quran says;
“ There is no compulsion in religion…” (Qur’an, 2:256)
“Had your Lord wanted, all the people on earth would have believed. So will you force people to believe?” (Qur’an, 10:99)
“He (God) does not forbid you to deal kindly and justly with anyone who has not fought you for your faith and driven you out of your homes, God loves the just.” (Qur’an, 60:8)
I think they are pretty self explanatory but just in case you dont get it the Quran accepts that people will have different beliefs and encourages us to be kind and just to people regardless.
Now that brings me back to your point Caitlin. Well I cant speak for the other religions attitudes towards different ideas about God but Islam is unique as far as I know in that it actually acknowledges not just one but multiple religions in its holy book. The Quran in particular talks extensively about jews and christians. It gives them an honorific title of People of the Book. We recognise most if not all the prophets mentioned in the bible and we see the Prophet Muhammed PBUH as the last in that lineage of great prophets. The Quran describes him as the seal of the prophets and the Prophet Muhammed explained it as follows.
“The example of me with respect to the prophets before me is like that of a man who built a house and made it complete save one brick. People were looking at how nice the building was but were wondering about that brick. I am that brick and I am the last of the prophets.”
The Quran refers to jews and christians as People of the Book because it acknowledges that they also received divine revelation, specifically the torah and bible. However what the Quran says about them is that although there are elements of divine guidance in them the books were changed by human beings and the message was corrupted. To be honest this does not differ very much from what biblical scholars and many christians today now believe about the bible. I remember watching a programme about the bible where the biblical scholars acknowledged that the pentateuch or old testament was not actually written by Moses (how could it be when it describes his death/funeral - not sure exactly) and instead was comprised of 4 different sources/authors that were written at different times. So in the past Muslim scholars did refer to the scriptures of jews and christians to find out more details about the lives of the Prophets but it is all taken with a pinch of salt because although we regard some of its teachings as having divine origin we can not distinguish from the bits that were changed.
With regards to Jesus PBUH our position is probably half way between judaism and christianity. We regard him as the messiah, a Great prophet and messenger from God. We believe in his miracles, we believe in his miraculous birth. However like the jews we do not believe he is the Son of God.
As muslims we believe that God sent a Prophet to all nations usually a person from that particular nation/race/group. However the original message of those prophets was not necessarily preserved so though we can see elements of truth in lots of different religions and we can acknowledge that they may have received revelation or divine guidance in their history we do not follow them because we can not distinguish the truth from the falsehood.
I hope that makes sense.