The sentence is about right. Perhaps on the harsher side ofabout right, but still within the appropriate range. judges have considerably less discretion than you might imagine these days. The sentencing guidelines are pretty restrictive and judges have to explain any decision that takes them outsidethe guidelines and they always risk being appealled if they do so.
Re: sentencing on the basis of what could have happened. Of course we do. It is one of the things that is taken into consideration. Why would it not be considered? If someone does something that has the potential to cause enormous harm then that is part and parcel of the sentencing exercise. If it actually does cause harm then the sentence is likely to be upped again.
Re: comparison with other outcomes. You can't compare two sentences without knowing all the personal cirumstances, the sentencing guidelines for a particular offence etc etc. Just because you think someone got off lightly, it doesn't make that any better to think someone else should have had a lesser sentence, if that makes sense. Someone who only gets 6 months might do so because they are convicted of an offence that only carries 6 months.
Sentencing is a much more complex exercise than most people imagine. There are several steps:
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The judge looks at the offence itself - in isolation, without considering the personal circumstances of the defendant. Are there any guidelines? Any aggravating or mitigating features? Was there a victim? Was that victim vulnerable? etc etc The judge decides what the appropriate sentence should be for the offence.
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The judge looks at the defendant's personal circumstances. Character, age, any personal difficulties, any mitigation etc. The judge then adjusts the sentence to account for these factos.
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The judge deducts any appropriate discount for a guilty plea.
So if someone is being sentenced for a robbery on an elderly lady in daylight hours where no injury was sustained and the loss was small, where the starting point is 16 months in custody, the judge might add 2 months for the fact that the victim was vulnerable, but find no other aggravating features. He would have a sentence of 18 months. If the defendant is very young and suffers from learning difficulties which meant that he was vulnerable to peer pressure from others involved the judge might knock 6 months off. Down to 12 months. The defendant pleaded guilty at the first opportunity. The judge is obliged to deduct a third. Down again to 8 months.
You can see how easy it is for a sentence which looks unduly lenient to actually be completely spot-on after the correct processes are applied.