As a parent of someone who will always need reasonable adjustments, I can see both sides of this.
If your exam has a fixed pass mark - ie it is criterion based - then your extra time / doing your exam in a different location has no bearing on anyone else’s results.
On the other hand, there is a fixed or habitual proportion of students who can pass, or can get a specific grade, then your mark does affect others. If your accommodation is perceived as ‘reasonable’ by others, then they will understand that this is only raising you from disadvantage to the same situation as others; if it is seen as ‘surprisingly more than expected, given you have always otherwise functioned perfectly in all other aspects of the course’, then they may query the degree of accommodation.
I have been interested to see how carefully accommodations for my child have been calibrated - x, but not y, as y pushes over into ‘possible advantage’.
Within the workplace, as others have said, it depends both on the nature of the job and the impact on others: if you cannot do x, and others therefore take on more work, that’s not reasonable. If you cannot do x, and that is accommodated within the overall team without additional workload, that’s reasonable. So if you cannot make phone calls but you take on the written admin for the person who does them instead, that’s ok. If you do 3 days and someone else is employed for the other 2, that’s ok.
In terms of the nature of the job, there’s a difference between someone saying (to give an absurd example) ‘my dream is to be a pilot, so you have to make reasonable accommodations for the fact I have poor eyesight’ and someone saying ‘I can’t be a pilot, but I can be a flight attendant if the menu is printed in large print white on black and if fluorescent tape is installed at key thresholds to avoid me tripping’. I do think resentment is caused if someone’s ‘want’ to have a particular career, supported by extreme adjustments, is seen as the ultimate thing to be achieved - it’s not ‘employed or not’, it’s ‘employed in a suitable job or not’. I say this with a heavy heart, as my child has accepted that they will need to follow a very different career oath from their dreams, but I equally don’t think that it is reasonable for employers ir colleagues to have to go to extreme lengths to modify the job ‘as it is’.