If a recipe says 'Pre-heat the oven to 170°C.', do they mean normal oven or fan?

[RollingRocking]

It's for an apple cake

https://www.rte.ie/lifestyle/recipes/2022/0315/1286580-mark-murphys-kerry-apple-cake-today/

TIA

I always assume that it's a non fan temperature but bearing in mind most ovens are probably fan these days I'm not sure!

In cookbooks it usually states both doesn't it but with online recipes often not.

Sorry not to be more helpful but for a cake I would assume 170 fan, unless a fruit cake which is usually at a lower temperature.

I can also add that an oven thermometer is a useful gadget as sometimes dial temperatures bear little relation to actual ones.

It doesn't specify and it's and unusual temp so impossible to tell.

I'd go for 170 fan (as I'd put a cake in normal at 180 in a non fan oven)

What oven do you have?

I have a double oven but the non fan oven is more erratic than the fan oven so will probably try the fan oven at maybe 165.
Fingers crossed