First things first—this conversation has been amazing, enlightening, and a source of nourishment for my brain. Thank you to all who have contributed.
Second, what I've been wanting to say about a PP's comment that "lack of community" is caused by immigration, when I feel it's caused by transience of any kind, particularly in-country migration.
I wanted to add that the exception I’ve seen to this is growing up in 70s/80s as an (American) Air Force brat in the US. I don’t know if it’s still this way or if it was due to the time period (Vietnam War) but streets in the base were full of military men with foreign wives they’d met while stationed abroad (my mother being one).
This created instant multiculturalism yet simultaneous integration. The wives hadn’t emigrated with their own families—this is key—and while they were keen to rear their children with knowledge and values (and food and language!) from the wives’ home culture, they were even keener for their children to assimilate and become “proper” Americans.
My mother stopped speaking to me in her native language—in fact, my native language, as I had lived and been schooled in her home country until the age of five while my father was on active duty around the world—because I came home from school one day at around seven years old, after we were permanently residing in the US, and stated I didn’t want to speak it anymore because no one else did.
Back to transient communities, though—there was tremendous community on those bases. Partly due to military life, but also due to the knowledge that the next move was but a moment away so people got stuck in fast and firmly to make the most of the time they had. Being stationed somewhere was the only community opportunity people would have for decades, until retirement when possibly a return to “home” would occur.
When everyone is transient and knows it, these communities form and carry on. The faces change, but the community still exists.