RedDogsBeg if you look at women’s social, legal and economic position 150 years ago, say, and compare it with now, women have greater autonomy, opportunity and rights than previously (in the UK). There has never been a Feminist Party with a unified manifesto. Different groups have fought and campaigned for different things - liberal feminism brought us the right to retain property and earnings, the vote and equal pay (at different times obviously); socialist feminism argued for the professionalisation of housework and childcare (nurseries and nannies) to allow women to participate in public and civic life and remove economic inequality and also for family allowance, payments for housework, and wage equality, access to contraception so that women could practice family limitation; radical feminism challenged the idea that women were inherently different from men psychologically and unpicked sex roles and challenged them. Refugees and women’s aid organisations come from those roots as well.
I could go on about what neoliberal feminism has brought us, but I do not see that necessarily as contributing to greater equality as much as reframing sex roles as various forms of ‘choice’.
That is just a rough answer, but all of the gains in women’s political, social, legal and economic equality in the last 150 years have been made in a context of a diversity of voices and views of feminism, many theoretical writings and rich scholarship. Scholarship and writing which was rightly called out black feminists for not taking their interlocking struggles with racial oppression into account. Another layer.
How does change actually happen in this scenario? Probably piecemeal, bit by bit and always contingent on enough people, not only women, believing it to be the right thing to do. The always contingent caveat is important - women’s rights are not secure, and for as long as we live in a democracy and women have different biological roles than men, there will always be different views about the respective roles of men and women, just as there are different views about how to organise society generally.