I once asked a retired literature professor for her list of the best novels in English. This was her top ten (in chronological order):
Henry Fielding: Tom Jones
Jonathan Swift: Gulliver's Travels
Jane Austen: Persuasion
George Eliot: Middlemarch
Dickens: Bleak House
Thackery: Vanity Fair
Joyce: Ulysses
D. H. Lawrence: Women in Love
Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby
Nabokov: Pale Fire
Personally, I think David Copperfield is Dickens' masterpiece, but Harold Bloom would agree with Bleak House. He also thought Persuasion was Austen's best novel.
My own, personal, top ten:
- Dickens: David Copperfield
- Wilde: The Picture of Dorian Gray
- Bronte: Wuthering Heights
- Waugh: Brideshead Revisited
- Anthony Burgess: Enderby
- Virginia Wolf: Mrs Dalloway
- P G Wodehouse: Right Ho Jeeves
- Aldous Huxley: Point Counter Point
- Kipling: Kim
- Aldous Huxley: Crome Yellow
I don't think they're the greatest ever, just my favourites. Henry James ought to be on any list, so too Thomas Hardy, Daniel Defoe, H G Wells, Malcolm Lowery, Iris Murdoch, etc. Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man is the great African-American novel, and Saul Bellow is the great Jewish-American novelist. Jane Eyre, Catch 22, In Cold Blood, also spring to mind. Anthony Burgess thought Ford Madox Ford's Parade's End one of the masterpieces of the 20th-century.
I've stuck to novels written in English. If you were to list the greatest novels ever written in any language, I think Proust, Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Flaubert and Kafka would be the first names on the list.