No data to suggest it can do that though there is some to suggest if a bitch is aggressive before spaying she is likely to be worse afterwards.
I do think the drop in hormones can leave both bitches and dogs feeling confused and anxious and as often vets do not warn people about that, it is very very easy for owners to accidentally put their dog into a situation thats too much, not realising this...
And then single event learning.. is a thing. One bad experience can affect a dogs behaviour for a long time, if that happens during a wobbly phase where they are a bit mixed up and anxious, mm!
Otherwise the negatives of spaying are only really applicable if done pre-pubertally, which is the delay in closing growth plates, likelyhood of micro-genitals (not properly developed, leading to a higher rate of infection and a higher chance of urinary incontinence in bitches), higher risk of osteosarcoma etc.
For dogs the balance is tipped toward waiting, because entire dogs get a benign prostate condition (makes them wee what looks like blood, fixed by castrating, tends not to happen until v elderly) whereas castrated dogs get prostate cancer which is... not easily detected and will spread.
For a bitch really struggling with phantom pregnancies and phantom whelpings (where they are convinced htey have had puppies, guard small objects, nest, make milk etc) then it can be nigh on impossible to spay at the 'right' time and you have to do the best you can, and spaying is better than not.
The Stick Dog was done at around 18 months as she had wild phantoms, stole remote controls to keep as puppies ( i think the rubbery buttons felt like little noses and paw pads), made milk, etc etc, whereas ideally I'd have waited until she was two and a half as long leggity, higher risk of cancer breed.