I view crating as a useful life skill, which every dog should learn. Sooner or later, he's going to need to be in a crate - for travel, at the vets - and far better for him that he settles happily in it.
But that's for the future. Your dog is making it clear that this isn't something he can do right now. So I'd abandon the crate, because he's hating it, which isn't helpful for him or you.
Instead, I'd set up a puppy pen to pop him in when you need him to be contained and safe. Or when you just need a break!
I'd also set up a crate somewhere where the family spend time, with a comfortable bed in it. I'd ignore it but, if he chooses to go in it, I'd give him a chew or a treat to have whilst he's there. I wouldn't encourage him in. I'd simply leave it there, door open, comfy bed, and see what happens. The aim would be to build up positive associations with the crate, rather than the negative ones he has now.
What I wouldn't do is shut the door, and I certainly wouldn't leave him shut in it alone, for a long long time yet. Because he's making it very very clear that he isn't happy with that.
Puppies are like kids - they haven't read the manual, and sometimes it's a bit of trial and error to figure out what works for your puppy in your household. Honestly, as long as you and he are happy and safe then it doesn't matter. And you can do that without a crate.