For Bink, copied and pasted from a scientific review:
"Research, unique in its in-depth approach, was carried out in Britain over 14 years (Freeman, 1991). This was a comparative follow-up study of carefully matched triads of children, initially aged 5-14. The target group of 70 children, identified by their parents as gifted, were compared with a second group of 70 who were unlabelled - but of equal measured ability - and with a third group of 70 randomly selected children. All were interviewed and tested in their homes across the country, as well as their families and teachers in the schools being questioned. The children were also given a wide variety of tests and their environmental circumstances rated. It was found that those who had been labelled 'gifted' (whose parents had joined the National Association for Gifted Children) had significantly (p< 1.0) more behaviour problems than those of equal ability who were not so labelled. However, the possession of an IQ within the top 2% was not found to be related to emotional problems or social relationships, which were instead associated with other difficulties in the child's life. In fact, the brightest appeared to be exceptionally empathetic. The most practical finding was that at all levels of intelligence (70 IQ-170 IQ) the children's school achievements were directly related to accessibility of facilities for learning, as well as to parental involvement and example.
Ten years later, using the same home interview methods, the labelled young people had often remained the least happy (as measured by rating scales), for which their gifts were sometimes blamed. Labelling appeared to have had the effect of putting pressure on children to live up to it in high achievements, notably in the case of those who had been wrongly labelled and could not fulfil their parents' ambitions. As a result of having highly able children, parents can themselves have emotional problems, whether through feeling inadequate or trying to gain social advantage from living vicariously through their child. Whatever problems already exist in the family, these can be intensified when there is an unusual child present (Freeman, 1993). "