Someone upthread was saying that the paediatrician said Toby's lack of speech was genetic and not caused by the parents. Children learn to talk by copying the parents and that means that the parents have to talk to the child, naming objects, counting steps, looking at picture books, whatever, it doesn't really matter so long as there is on going communication between parent and child. Tiff and Mike had absolutely no notion of how to do this. Sad but true.
I remember the 2 year old child I placed in a foster home who was removed from parents, and all he could say was "F* Off" and screamed it right up against the carer's face. Now I wonder where he had learned that.
Another child aged 5 kept asking the foster care if she was going to sell various objects in the home and she was really puzzled why he was asking about this, until he finally said "well how are you going to pay for your gear then" .........she didn't know that gear meant drugs either!
I am moving away from Toby I know but I think many MNs would be incredibly shocked at how damaged some children are by their parents, who of course were neglected or abused themselves as children. In 30 years of social work I have never met an abusing parent who wasn't abused as a child.
I've said it before on this thread, but it is indeed the cycle of deprivation and there is no known way of breaking that cycle.