holmes American men in my corporate job definitely did comment on what I wore - I remember getting compliments on my "sleek handbag" from my heterosexual male colleague
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My overwhelming impression when I worked in the States is that people in their early-mid twenties dressed the same as their parents, and drove the same types of cars. It is quite weird - this was the mid-West though, I've never been to NY.
I definitely think there is an interesting inverse scruffiness snobbery in some UK workplaces. Some academics view their more stylish colleagues with barely concealed contempt, as though the act of dressing smartly and wearing lipstick has somehow inhibited their brain function (and I must admit, this is more common amongst female academics). It definitely isn't OK IME to go to work in muddy shoes, or looking 'mimsy', ie, the Cath Kidston look, in most workplaces - it doesn't make you more 'authentic', it just looks inappropriate.
I think one of the things some British women struggle with is the urge to look 'wacky', a la Boden. To be honest, I think the British workplace would not be worse off without some of those Boden 'fun' prints. How 'fun' should a skirt be FGS?
I realy like the way I see Italian and Spanish women dress in cities - grown up, not 'wacky' (shudder), but interesting and stylish and not drone-like a la USA.