I don't know how to sleep train!

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Hi, some help here. Recently back at work and exhausted from lack of sleep.

My 9 month old just doesn't sleep at night, currently averaging 3 wakeup before waking up at 5am most days.

Currently schedule is:
5am - wake
9.30am - 45 min nap
1.30 pm - 1 hour nap
6.20pm - bathtime
7pm - bedtime

He will only sleep if you hold him.

We've tried Ferber and he stood up in his cot and cried for hours the whole week. We've tried PUPD/graduated retreat but again he will just stand up and try to play until he realises hes not being picked up, at which point he will cry.

This coupled with the multiple wakeup and early rise has left DH and I exhausted. I can barely function at work. What am I doing wrong? Is it the daytime schedule?

My DS started sleeping through more often than not at 20 months, never came close before that. He’s 26 months now and wakes a bit more again, maybe half the nights but settles quickly with a cuddle. Never any need for any training, it’s just normal for them to wake. Most adults wake at least once, for a drink or a wee or just to get comfy another way. Little ones just can’t do this problem solving themselves.