The problem is that children are very different from one another
This. DD (primary) struggles with organising herself and with anxiety. She also is very harsh on herself and desperately wants adult approval. Her school believe that punishments lead to better behaviour, and are unable to distinguish between deliberately bad behaviour and a child that is doing her best but just can't comply.
We got to the point last year where she said that when she was at school she felt as if she was always about to be told off, but as she didn't know what she was doing wrong she didn't know how to prevent it. She was constantly expecting the next words to come out of the teachers mouth to be the ones telling her off and giving her a demerit. Her mental health was getting worse and worse, and she said she hated herself and wanted to die.
Her anxiety escalated and she started scribbling all over her work when stressed (several times a day at it's peak) so hard she destroyed the book because the paper tore.
Obviously that meant the punishments escalated as she was 'deliberately' destroying school property.
There were no other schools within reach except private, which I couldn't afford.
Thankfully we eventually got a psych ed assessment which concluded that the best way forward was for the school to stop handing out punishments to her, and allow her to go for a walk out of the class if she felt stressed. The school doesn't like it as that is 'letting her get away with it' and 'unfair on the other children', but as they called in the psych ed (and I got the LA involved) they don't have much choice.
Some months on the scribbling has decreased a lot in frequency and she is generally happier. As it took 3 years of 'zero tolerance' to reduce her to that state it will take her a while to recover.
To put it in context, in reception class (different school, before we moved) she had one 'time out' in the whole year (justified, but she was so upset she cried).
So yes, the 'zero tolerance' approach is fine for resilient children who are good at organising themselves - the ones who have won that lottery in life.