Well my DS's school does the IB and at GCE (they do a combi of GCSE, IGCE and one of the old boards) the mandatory subjects are:
English (lang and lit)
Mathematics
Chemistry
Biology
Physics
French
RS (they all do it)
Optional for DS: Latin, Art, History, Greek.
They then choose from a very long list: Latin, Greek, Music, Art, Chinese, Russian, Drama, PE, History, Geography, ICT ...and I'm sure I must have missed some. They generally do two to four a year early and some pick up one or two others as extras if the timetable allows.
At IB they have to do: A language, a humanity, maths, a science and a language. Three are at a higher level and three are a little lower the highers are supposed to be more taxing than an A'Level and the lower level just below A'Level.
When I was at grammar school in the 70's we branched off into science or the arts at 14. The compulsory subjects were: English Language, English Literature, Maths, History, Biology, Geography, French. One then chose either Physics and Chemistry or: two from German, Latin, Art, Cookery or music.
When my mother was at school she "matriculated" and to do so had to pass a minimum of five subjects including English and Maths.
At an academic level I'm not sure much has changed over the years; it has just been dressed up and called something different. We do seem to have come full circle though and to have realised that one qualification, ie, GCSE does not suit every child and that there is a need for academic and more vocational qualifications. What was that vilified thing called - oh yes, CSE - what a surprise that it seems to have returned with differenct packaging as a BTEC. What actually needs to change IMO in the UK is not a dumbing down of qualifications to fit all but a significantly increased level of respect for those who are craftsmen and tradesmen supplying services we all need and value.