No, I don't believe they'll blame you, based on my own experience.
First of all - trust your own mind. You know what the facts are. Not what he tells you the facts are, but the actual facts of your life. And your children don't understand what's happening either.
My DCs have never blamed me for leaving their dad. They were young, but they knew the atmosphere was worse when he was around. They too walked on egg shells and didn't know what mood he'd come home in. They may have been too young, or polite, or confused by it, or conditioned by it, to put their feelings into words. But they felt it.
They expressed relief when we split, again not verbally, but I saw it in them. They still loved him, he was still their dad, but their day to day lives had got better, calmer, more relaxed, more dependable and predictable.
Many years later, and all adults now, I've never felt for a moment they blamed me, and if I felt they had misunderstood the situation then as adults I would share some info with them (not over sharing, but just enough for them to see why I left).
What I do know, is that if I'd stayed with him, their lives would have been immeasurably worse, and it would be impacting their adult lives, and they may be making bad decisions, or acting badly, in their adult relationships because they'd be emulating him, thinking it was normal.
I'd rather risk a twinge of guilt (not that I have ever felt it) for splitting our marriage, than the huge guilt I would have felt for not leaving it.