I sympathise with you both, but can empathise more with him.
I had a long term partner who had a lot of hang ups about sex, due to a religious upbringing. No masturbation, thought sex was something that should only happen in bed, under the covers, in the dark. Was uncomfortable about nudity out of the bed. Sex was all a bit naughty and dirty, to him.
Over time it really hits your own confidence being with someone like that. His not being comfortable around nudity turned into 'do I look awful naked', for example. Try and bring in something new, or instigate sex in another room, and you are made to feel like some pervert. I can understand why he feels hurt and rejected; I did.
I can't really empathise with your side of things, although that doesn't mean you shouldn't have your own feelings about it all. But it's damaging your marriage to feel awkward about something that is a natural and perfectly normal part of marriage. Churches, including the Catholic church, stress how a good sex life is important for a good marriage.
Can you get to the root of how you feel about sex? Being Catholic, yes there are some more restricted attitudes relating to premarital sex, but the church doesn't disapprove of sex within marriage. Did you get the impression when you were growing up from someone, that sex itself is somehow 'wrong' or dirty?
Can you try to talk to him about it again, hear his side, expain your side, and find a way forward from this together, because right now neither of you is happy with your sex life. Sex therapy is sometimes available on NHS, and you can access it through Relate and other organisations (or private qualified sex therapists).