Actually, there is nothing wrong with you saying how uncomfortable and unhappy you feel with the situation as it stands, and there is nothing wrong with you feeling in this way to your partner getting drunk. What you need to work out is how big a problem it is for you and what you want to do about it.
Your behaviour towards him is wrong. Nagging, getting upset, that is not an adult or respectful way to respond - it just enables him to continue, gives him an excuse not to come home. You can tell him how you feel about him being in the pub, you can tell him what your boundaries are about it. It is about owning your feelings and responses.
There is nothing worse than sitting at home with children, wondering where their father is and whether he will be drunk/come home late/ miss his train/fall asleep on a bench or in a cemetery again/get mugged etc. And I know that, because my x would do this 3-4 times a week and it made me lose my mind (and I never was given the courtesy of knowing if/when/for how long etc. And the tedious crap they come out with after 5 hours in the pub and 10+ pints, I understand why you wanted to just go to bed finally being able to relax because he came home safe. It is not a nice way to live. In fact it is very stressful and can be unbearable.
I think it is actually ok not to want your partner to bugger off to the pub after work. It is ok not to want them to drink for 5 hours. If alcohol affects the quality of your relationship, then it is a problem. Now the issue for you is what to do about it. You could go to counselling to talk through with someone what your feelings about it are, how much of it is a problem because of your parents and projecting it on to him, how much of it is a problem because you just can't accept his behaviour. You could try couples counselling and talk it through together. You could go to Al Anon as the adult child of an alcoholic and talk through it there. Your reaction to your partner's drinking habits will be something people there will get. You can decide to change not your feelings, but your reactions to him going out. Perhaps you would feel better if you could put down some boundaries - like let you know a day before he goes out, and that he only stays out until 10, or only has 4 drinks? You are allowed to ask this of him.
You sound like you need to concentrate a little more on your own needs and wants. Your last post, is full of 'maybe', 'I should', 'I'm sure he won't mind' , 'I apologised'. You sound like you don't value your own feelings and you sound angry, which is understandable if you are putting yourself down so much. I saw a nice quote 'be with someone who makes you happy', you need to not focus on his behaviour to validate you or make you happy. But instead work out how to make yourself happy.