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Penalties for breaching a parenting order
A court can only penalise someone for breaching a parenting order if another person files a contravention application alleging the person did not comply with the order. After considering all the facts of the case and applying the law, a court may decide:
- the contravention alleged was not established
- the contravention was established but there was a reasonable excuse for contravention
- there was a less serious contravention without reasonable excuse, or
- there was a more serious contravention without reasonable excuse.
If a court finds a person has breached a parenting order, without reasonable excuse, it may impose a penalty. Depending on the particulars of the case and the type of contravention, a court may:
?order attendance at a post separation parenting program
?compensate for time lost with a child as a result of the contravention
?require the person to enter into a bond
?order the person to pay all or some of the legal costs of the other parties
?order that the person pay compensation for reasonable expenses lost as a result of the contravention
?require the person to participate in community service
?order that a fine be paid,
?order imprisonment.
A court may also make a further order that discharges, varies or suspends the order or renews some or all of an earlier order, or adjourn the case to allow a person to apply for a further order that alters the parenting order.
The penalties are listed under Division 13A of Part VII (seven) in the Family Law Act 1975.
Standard of proof
The decision of a judge or federal magistrate in family litigation must be evidence based. The more serious the allegation or more improbable the supposed event, the stronger the evidence has to be before a court concludes that the alleged event occurred.
Except for more serious contraventions or contempt, a party must prove the allegations or facts relied on to the court's satisfaction on what is called ?the balance of probabilities?. The alleged fact must be more than merely possible; it must be more likely to exist than not. Thus, where the allegation is that one party has not complied with a court order, the alleging party (the applicant in a contravention case) must establish that it is more likely than not that the alleged breach occurred.
In the most serious contraventions, including contempt, a court will not find the case proved unless it is satisfied that all the essential facts have been established ?beyond reasonable doubt?. This is the same standard required in criminal matters. In general terms it, means that the truth of the allegation must be the only reasonable explanation for what has occurred.