I agree with some of what tiggytape is saying:
attitude/ hormones/ teenage angst can all result in negative attitudes toward doing homework. However, the trend (which I can only track from publically released data) has it that for pupils scoring NC L5 or higher at KS2 SATs - roughly 50% of that cohort go on to achieve A/ A* at GCSE. Only 5% of the cohort attaining NC L4 at KS2 SATs go on to achieve this.
Whether this is pigeon holing by senior schools - you come in on that score and we put you in a set with similar children & only teach you to 2 levels above that entry level...
or environment - you're put in with a class of pupils also struggling a bit in English/ Maths and not enjoying that one little bit and the chemistry of that situation is to hate the class/ not enjoy homework in the subject/ and possibly just not do that homework - because you are receiving a lot of feedback from peers that X or Y subject is rubbish.
I totally get that teenagers can rebel against school work which can feel like they're being forced to do against their will. I get that wanted to study/ work hard for school is deeply uncool with many teenagers.
I think the reality is there is a point where this stuff gets hard - and getting kids through that stage isn't easy for parents, teachers or the children concerned. Schools aren't big on trends like work ethic (which would necessitate doing homeowrk regularly) or perseverance (which would necessitate a student to keep working at something they're struggling with). I can only speak for our school, but I think it is the absence of instilling these values in pupils (oddly absent at our CofE school - where one would naturally expect to see some form of Protestant work ethic), it may not be a surprise that children fall by the wayside.
One thing I do totally disagree with tiggytape is the attitude that 'children have their level'. It's discriminatory. It avoids any effort to see if a bit of help when they're struggling might result in a breakthrough of understanding. And frankly it's a negative feedback loop - child isn't doing particularly well - teacher presumes this is God's way of telling them that child will never be a high flyer - school then leaves them languishing on bottom table/ set and doesn't bother much - oddly enough child doesn't achieve much.
I personally think it is possible to help a child who is struggling - it's more a case of school's avoid that particular responsiblity - possibly because it's too much like hard work.