Maizie: there are some 160 - 180 common letter/sound correspondences which have to be learned for competent reading.
If they were real correspondences, in the sense of spelling a and spelling be both = sound 1, most pupils would probably cope even with that large number of spellings for the 43 English sounds. What many cannot cope with is their variability, namely having more than one sound, like the ea* in 'treat, tread' and 'great'.
I agree absolutely
that you cannot, however hard you try, release the potential of semi-literate pupils because reading and writing are essential to learning in most subjects.
U are right too that
All the testing and monitoring (and ever earlier start to 'formal learning) is, in part, a desperate atttempt to raise 'standards' without admitting, or considering one of the root causes of poor achievement.
We disagree in that u put all the blame for literacy failure on poor teaching, while i see the inconsistencies of English spelling being far more responsible for it. In languagess with better spelling systems, even badly taught children, as well as intellectually quite weak ones, still manage to learn to read quite proficiently in a comparatively short time, because there isn't much to learn. In English the quality of teaching makes a bigger difference. But the biggest difference of all is made by the AMOUNT of teaching.
The bottom line is that learning to read and write English involves far more learning than in languages with better spelling systems - and for roughly 20% of children quite simply too much.
That's why i favour spelling reform: i would like to see more children fulfil their potential.