NVISIBLE EFFECTS
Dr Ann Streissgath, leading US researcher believes FAS and FAE are only the tip of the iceberg and she maintains that there are many children who exhibit no facial abnormalities but have more subtle damage.
She studied 500 women who either had two drinks per day or 'binged' occasionally (up to five drinks on one occasion) during pregnancy and found or all of the following:
At Birth - lighter in weight, more jittery and more tremulous than babies whose mothers had been completely abstinent. They exhibited difficulties with habituation, took longer to suck, had a weaker suck, disrupted sleep patterns, a level of arousal, unusual body orientation, abnormal reflexes, hypotonia and excessive mouthing.
At 8 months - disrupted sleep, poor balance and motor control, longer response times, reduced attention, visual recognition and memory, slower mental development and reduced verbal comprehension.
At 7 years - learning problems, lack of classroom co-operation, lack of sustained attention, poor retention of information, poor comprehension of words, impulsiveness, less evidence of tactfulness, reduced levels of word recall and organisational skills.
Dr Streissgath's research suggests that two drinks a day equals approximately seven points detriment in IQ scores in 7 year olds.
Maternal 'social' drinking seemed to result in the offspring having similar but less severe consequences than those born with FAS, indicating in both cases the clear occurrence of permanent and irreversible alcohol-induced CNS damage during critical stages in foetal development.