I was a VC scout for six years, and that’s not entirely accurate.
Venture capital actually brings money into the UK. Over the past 10 years especially, a large share of investment in British start-ups comes from foreign funds, particularly American ones.
The asset class/industry grew massively during the ZIRP era (the Zero Interest Rate Phenomenon), because family offices, pension funds, and other institutional investors were desperate to find some form of yield.
The “problem” with VC (and how one could perceive it as taking money out of the UK) appears later, when it’s time for a start-up to scale and eventually exit (typically through an IPO or acquisition).
You see, VC operates on a power law — much like the music industry.
For every investment that goes to zero, you only need one or two runaway successes to return the entire fund (all capital deployed plus, say, 3%).
That’s why such a focus on unicorns - if your fund raised $200M to spread across a series of bets (startups) and one of them exists for $1B, you’re laughing.
Put another way: you only need one Taylor Swift or Coldplay to de-risk the bets you make on one-hit wonders.
The challenge for the UK is that it’s a small market with high taxes, high risk aversion, lots of regulation (albeit less than the EU) and, arguably, “tall poppy” syndrome.
So founders often sell early — usually to an American giant like Google (see: DeepMind) — or relocate abroad to scale and exit on more favourable terms.
VC money started drying up in 2023 (even American funds had to turn to the UAE and Saudi Arabia to raise new capital).
Last year’s budget didn’t help.
The government it increased Capital Gains Tax, tightened the rules for non-doms (who make up a VERY active segment of the UK angel investment community), and reduced Entrepreneurs’ Relief.
Together, those changes have made the UK less attractive for both investors and founders.
I know founders that have moved to the US and UAE because it’s too hard to raise money let alone scale here.
Ironically, as a fallout of capital flight (for lack of a better term), we’ve basically ripped the rug out from one of the few areas where the ecosystem was making real progress: closing the wealth and funding gap for women in business.
Over the past few years, a growing number of funds had been created specifically to back women founders and provide early-stage capital.
In fact, Akshata Sunak has been a prolific investor in women-founded startups building in sectors that couldn’t traditionally get VC or bank funding.