Def no intellectual disabilities - he was an early talker with a huge vocabulary, ahead of his cohort in school learning to read. Has some difficulty with numbers, but is still about average for his age group. Knows tons about chemistry and physics and engineering that he's learned from YouTube science channels.
He knows he has ADHD, and he knows that he finds some things difficult that other people don't. But we have tried all sorts of different therapies - OT, recreational therapy, etc - and he won't engage. He can sense that people are trying to get him to be different, and he's having none of it.
What HAS been moderately helpful has been some ND YouTube creators who make simple, funny, animated videos that put words to the kind of experiences he has.
He is sociable - hugely so when he is in an environment with people who share his interests - and has a few close friends, who can stand in for us to meet his need for constant undivided attention.
However, the friends he attracts tend to be intensely obsessive/possessive ND kids who will respond angrily or vindictively if he talks to anyone else. As a result, he has developed an idea that he is only allowed to have one friend at a time, which we are trying to gently challenge.
He is making some progress. It's huge that he attends school - when he was at nursery we were not at all sure he'd be able to, as he would refuse to get in the pushchair, fight his way out of car seats, cling on to the inside of the car and refuse to get out, run off when we approached the door, etc. Every single day. Nursery always said 'he's fine when he's here! No trouble at all!' and made out we were neurotic parents. But every day when we got him home there would be hours of violent meltdowns, night terrors, etc.
(Turns out he didn't want to go as they had a rule where you had to try everything on your plate at mealtimes, which was unbearable for a kid with ARFID - but he couldn't articulate this to us until years later)
Re: toileting - he toilet trained himself with no trouble, around age 3, but he cannot wipe his own bum. We have tried everything - all different textures of wet and dry toilet paper. He won't consider a bidet as he is worried about water going up his bum. He will sit on the toilet for hours on end rather than wipe himself.
He also accidentally got locked into a bathroom at school once when he was 4 and since then will only use our toilet at home, preferably with us in there with him.
He can now tolerate having his teeth brushed every day, which we weren't sure would ever happen.
After years of negotiations and trying different things he will tolerate taking a gummy multivitamin (but only a certain brand and I live in fear of the day they change their packaging) and a transdermal iron patch to make up for nutritional deficiencies caused by his ARFID.
He has lots of sensory stuff that impacts food and hygiene - huge issues with texture and smells, hates getting his head wet, experiences cold as unbearable physical pain, so can't stand the feeling of getting out of the bath. Hates the feeling of the toothbrush on his gums. Hates having his hair cut but also finds brushing his hair intolerably painful (so we just use clippers every 6-8 months or so and give him a number 1 all over).
He's got PDA - which is quite a different profile from what people normally think of as autism. He experiences anything that is not a direct expression of his conscious will as a threat he must resist. So, hunger, thirst, sleep, needing the toilet etc, all feels like a threat. He can eat only if it's one of his 6 safe foods, if we bring it to him wherever he is, if we set it down without saying anything about it and retreat quickly. Otherwise he genuinely will not eat. Hunger, or being expected to eat, or even the fact of its being mealtime, feels to him like something external is forcing its agenda on him.
When he's in an environment that really does force its agenda on him - like school - he completely dissociates. So he's no trouble for anyone, but completely zoned out.
The challenges we see are not visible at all at school, who just see him as a silent, unsmiling kid without much initiative. His school report this term said he 'continues to show little enthusiasm for learning' - which is so sad given how hungry he is for learning from his YouTube maker channels.
Academically, he's keeping up with what he's meant to be learning at his stage, but he just absolutely hates school and is utterly miserable. He's in a private Montessori school with tiny class sizes, no uniform, etc.
Homeschooling would not work for us as he can't be without constant (and I really do mean CONSTANT) attention and interaction from us, which we couldn't provide all day, every day, without losing our minds.
It is very hard for other people to understand when he 'looks so normal'.