IME without any kind of sleep training at all, it is generally shit from about 4 months until after a year - I did cope with this by co-sleeping. I found it tough around a year with the first two because it seems like other people are getting progress and you're not. Both my first two kids slept through the night at about 2.5 years but there was a point around 16/18 months when I felt a big shift and that it all became much more manageable as in they were sleeping longer chunks without me having done anything.
DS3 I was a bit clearer in approach with and he did sleep through about a year earlier.
I don't think controlled crying is abusive or causes trauma but I just didn't want to do it. It's not how I approached any other behavioural issues so it wasn't how I approached sleep either. I wanted to do it at their pace and I think it's possible to do that. It's not all or nothing like either you do a method involving crying or you just wait until they do something on their own. I changed sleep habits slowly, one step at a time and it worked for us. I liked Lyndsey Hookway's books/instagram which I didn't have with DS1 (I was a fan of Elizabeth Pantley then!)
With DS1, I just coslept with him from birth until he was over 2 and he kept stealing the covers and it wasn't restful for either of us any more, gave him his own room, lay with him each night to settle him, when he woke in the night I went in and out which was mad and I posted on MN despairing about it and someone said he's 2 - get him to come to you. So I did and that was brilliant. We had a gate on the stairs and I left the landing light on. If he woke in the night I shouted through to him and his little feet would pad along the corridor and he'd get into my bed. He'd go to sleep, or wriggle too much and I'd take him back to his and say goodnight. He gradually came through less and less until he was sleeping through.
DS2 I tried to be more proactive, used cot for naps from about 8 months, put him to bed in his own room, tried to settle him in there if he woke but it never worked so ended up bringing him through to us. Only slept through when he stopped breastfeeding aged 2.5. Then DH took over bedtime as I was so heavily pregnant I couldn't lift him into bed and he somehow got him to stay in bed after he said goodnight and left the room! If I ever tried that he would just cry and I'd feel bad.
DS3 I was a bit clearer, still did naps in cot from ~4 months and bedtime in cot from ~9 months but didn't even try MOTN resettles, just brought him to me every time to maximise everyone's sleep until I was totally ready to commit to resettling him in his own room which I did about 15/16 months. You could call this sleep training - I think really, I was training myself more than him! I had to do it in increments because my resolve when half asleep is absolutely pitiful, so I gave myself a time limit - I was already resettling (feeding to sleep) in his room from all wakes between 8-11pm so I just extended this to 1am, then 2am, and I don't think I ever needed to go to 3am because he just stopped waking up. He slept through most of the time by about the 16/18m that I noticed the bigger shift with the other ones, which was interesting.