I was happy to create a Pavlovian response to the road with my son, I used what I considered to be appropriate measures at the time, and smacking (albeit very minor on the whole scheme of things, if it is able to be graded that way, reading this thread it would appear not...)
He has always had fantastic traffic sense, when I was teaching him he was scatty, inattentive and would not listen. 2 months later he was knowledgeable and cautious to the point where he would not tricycle over driveways in the footpath walking into town, incase a car reversed out.
I for one consider this prefectly worthy.
I am not sure about dd, she is a different child, more thoughful and listens better, so it may not be necessary for her, this is the key isn;t it... Individuals, for instance when ds stole some whiteboard markers from school (long story being bullied, perfect child previous to this) I have made him type a letter apologising and accepting responsibility... His pocket money was withheld until he did the letter.
He said, why can't you just smack me the way other kids get disciplined...