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Genuinely interesting stuff you learned at school/university/work

214 replies

MrsHathaway · 25/07/2016 11:26

At a tangent from an otherwise rather tedious thread, some of us started talking about the history of the English language.

I did a paper called something like History and Structure of the English Language at university and honestly it didn't feel at all like work. The complicated bits have faded into the dusty corners of my brain, but some interesting snippets have remained within easy grasp.

For example, you can see a lot of the geopolitical history of the British Isles in what we now call English. Very basic words like low numbers (two, three) and natural features (sun, land, water) have their roots in our very earliest history and have scarcely changed since the Stone Age. They're also very similar to their equivalents in languages local at the time - northern European languages like Swedish, German, etc.

Place names come in odd clumps too - there are areas in eg Yorkshire and the Highlands which have very Norse names, and often there will be a geographical boundary between Norse place names and Anglo Saxon place names, such as a wide river or mountain ridge.

French came next, with the Normans in the eleventh century. A lot of our food words come from that period, including beef, pork, salmon, etc.

As English eyes looked further and further overseas we started adding more exotic ingredients to our kitchens and words to our vocabularies. Tomatoes, chocolate!

ANYWAY

We're often told that we won't use 90% of what we learn at school or even university, although we don't know which 90%. But I think it's almost always worth learning stuff for its own sake, if only because it's mildly interesting for one day or breaks the ice at one party where you happen to meet your soul mate.

So go on, what snippets have you retained from your years of formal education that are genuinely interesting in their own right? Can be a tiny thing or a major complicated theory, but it must be interesting - at least interesting enough for us to say "well, fancy that".

I'll leave you with this: in Japanese there was no word for "thank you". There were lots of ways of expressing gratitude, but no single expression in the European way. Then the Portuguese came, and suddenly the Japanese were trading with them. They used lots of hand gestures and gradually a kind of pidgin developed to allow them to communicate until there were enough on each side speaking the other's language. But one legacy from that time and that pidgin is a single-word "thank you" in Japanese: arigato. Which you'll notice is remarkably similar to the Portuguese obrigado.

OP posts:
cdtaylornats · 27/07/2016 00:18

The Portugese left words in many places - in Goa they left vindaloo.

DadDadDad · 27/07/2016 00:42

Exactly, Drop.

If you imagine 3000 (representative) episodes: in 1000, the contestant will initially pick the door to the car, while in 2000, the contestant will initially pick the door to a goat (because 2 out of 3 doors lead to goats). In those latter 2000, the host does give you additional information by opening a goat door - because he can't open the door with the car, and so by switching you get the car. It's only in the first 1000 situations that the host opening the door doesn't help, and switching is a mistake. 2 episodes out of 3 switching works. But this is dependent on the host knowing where the car is (otherwise in 1/3 of the episodes, he would reveal the car prematurely).

In DOND, the host (and banker) have no knowledge of the contents, so they cannot help provide increased information about which of the unrevealed amounts is in the contestant's box.

Imagine a simplified version where the player picks one of the 22 boxes, and keeps opening the others (randomly; we have to assume that they are not psychic), ignoring banker offers (banker's offers only indicate the value of all that's unopened, the banker has no more idea than the contestant which unrevealed amount is in their box), until they are down to two unopened boxes and offered a switch. Does it help to switch? No! Now we have to consider say 46,200 episodes (or simulations if Gertrude wants to have a go simulating it)...

Star In 2,100 episodes, the contestant is holding prize 1 (the lowest):
of those, in 100 episodes the other unopened box contains prize 2
in 100 episodes, the other unopened box contains prize 3
...
in 100 episodes, the other unopened box contains prize 22 (the highest).
IN THIS CASE, SWITCHING WOULD BE BENEFICIAL IN ALL 2100 EPISODES.

Star In 2,100 episodes, the contestant is holding prize 2:
of those, in 100 episodes, the other unopened box contains prize 1 (worse to switch)
in 100 episodes, the other unopened box contains prize 3
...
in 100 episodes, the other unopened box contains prize 22
IN THIS CASE, SWITCHING WOULD BE BENEFICIAL IN 2000 EPISODES.

Star Same analysis for 2,100 episodes where the contestant is holding prize 3: SWITCHING WOULD BE BENEFICIAL IN 1900 EPISODES.

Star Ditto prize 4 ... 1800 EPISODES

Star ...

Star all the way to 2,100 episodes where the contestant has prize 22 (the highest) and it would BE BENEFICIAL TO SWITCH IN 0 EPISODES.

Add up all the episodes where it is beneficial to switch: 2100 + 2000 + 1900 + 1800 + ... + 100 + 0 = 23,100, which is exactly half the total episodes. Switching has a 50:50 chance only of getting you a better prize - same as flipping a coin.

anzu66 · 27/07/2016 07:42

Lots of languages don't really make a distinction between blue and green, or at least have a word that refers to both.
Xanh in Vietnamese for example can be used to describe the color of the sky and the color of tree leaves, and one will say "sky xanh" or "tree leaf xanh" if one wants to be really specific.
Qing in Mandarin is basically the same word, with the same blue/green issue, and so is aoi in Japanese. Interestingly, in Japan, the 'green' traffic lights are sometimes green, but you do also see ones that are a very blueish green. More blue than green IMO.

On a completely different note, I was told in French literature that the length of an act in plays was determined by the length of time it would take for a candle (to illuminate the stage) to burn down.

MajesticSeaFlapFlap · 27/07/2016 07:48

Not a specific thing but im a massive history nut.
I completely flunked out school getting e's and ungraded but i got a b in history. I love it.

I had a very passionate teacher who would bouce in excitement when telling us things.
In Fact i still live in the area and most of the people i know who were taught by him love history as well.
My teen goes into his year 9 class in September and im genuinely excited for him.

Just shows what an amazing teacher can do

RJnomore1 · 27/07/2016 08:14

I don't think any of you are getting Gertrude's point - and thanks to her I finally do get it!

When you refuse a box in DOND it is opened so you can see what is in it. Gertrude is referring to the end game so if you have opened all boxes bar 2 and you now know one of those boxes contains the star prize.

So you start with one box you pick or 1/20 chance you have the star prize while the other 19 boxes have a 19/20 chance of them contains it.

YOU THEN ELIMINATE 18 OF THE BOXES.

The chance on each side remains the same as at the start. You picked one box from 20 so you have a 1/20 chance it is the star prize.

The other side had a 19/20 chance but as you now know 18 of them are not it that 19/20 has transferred to the one remaining box.

MrsHathaway · 27/07/2016 08:34

Excellent stuff.

Don't you all feel cleverer now? I know I do.

More please.

OP posts:
Brekekekex · 27/07/2016 08:35

All my favourites are evolution-related. For example, tiger moths have evolved to produce a clicking sound when they fly, at exactly the right frequency to jam bat echolocation, reducing the chances of them being eaten by a bat Smile

BestIsWest · 27/07/2016 08:43

Fascinating thread.

Thanks for mentioning the Hockney book about lenses. I read it many years ago and have been trying to remember who it was by/ what it was called.

Also on the words for colour and red being the first word, the Greeks supposedly had no word for blue. As in Homer's 'wine dark sea' - wine of course being red so using it for a comparison of tone or shade I guess.

Through the Language Glass: How Words Colour Your World by Guy Deutscher explains it much better than me.

LoucheLady · 27/07/2016 08:44

But the lecturer died and it's so specialised they couldn't replace her.

I'm kind of surprised by that MrsHathaway, the point about colours is fairly non-specialist surely?

French DH and I definitely differ on where we put the limit between, say, red and orange. I have a hat I swear is orange that he swears is red. DS (2) is growing up bilingual, it's so cute to see him figuring out the rules of language and trying to apply them. The other day he came out with "stroke pas le leg à Daddy" Grin

My exact grasp on this is hazy, but on the linguistics front there was a consonant shift as well as a vowel shift, so that the Portuguese say Bacalhau and the Germans say Kabeljau for cod.

CuttedUpPear · 27/07/2016 08:49

On the subject of language (I'm studiously ignoring the statistics posts as they befuddle me) does anyone know why certain objects in French (and I assume other Latin languages) are feminine, and others are masculine?
Is there a rule about this that might make learning French easier?

MrsHathaway · 27/07/2016 08:50

I'm kind of surprised by that MrsHathaway, the point about colours is fairly non-specialist surely?

Neurolinguistics is very specialist. I can't remember what the paper was called but something like Language and the mind.

re: colour boundaries, I took part in a completely fantastic colour survey of which the results can be found here. (NSFW: language)

OP posts:
MrsHathaway · 27/07/2016 08:53

Is there a rule about this that might make learning French easier?

If you ask a native speaker they will look at you and probably shrug Gallicly and say "ah ben" and explain slightly distastefully that they just are and isn't the intrinsic femininity of a table completely obvious?

You can often tell by the endings of words, which certainly got me through a lot of Latin, German and Spanish. French though ... bof.

OP posts:
Mrscog · 27/07/2016 08:54

Brilliant thread - I've bookmarked as I haven't got time to read the whole thing now.

But.. one thing that stayed with me from A level Human Biology is that when you're ill , the symptoms of the illness aren't always directly caused by the virus/bacteria, they're your immune system fighting illnesses off.

So for instance, when you have a sore throat, the sore throat starts when your immune system 'notices' the bacteria/virus which has invaded your throat cells and starts killing off layers of cells to get rid of them which makes you have a sore throat. It's not the actual virus that makes them sore.

Was a revolationary moment for me and changed the way I thought about illness - I came to think 'at least my body has spotted it! rather than 'fuck another bloody cold'.

LoucheLady · 27/07/2016 08:54

Well yes, but very few fields are so specialised that they consist of one person who can't be replaced if they die. Shame you couldn't find a replacement to work with, it's a fascinating area (not mine, I only know about it through Steven Pinker's Language Instinct).

MrsHathaway · 27/07/2016 08:56

Oh, and re bilingualism.

I was in the public library in my university city looking for some nice gentle fiction after the intensity of study something vair highbrow, when I heard a small child say very excitedly and in German:

"Hey, Johannes, guess what?! I can speak German in England too!"

OP posts:
MrsHathaway · 27/07/2016 08:59

Well yes, but very few fields are so specialised that they consist of one person who can't be replaced if they die

Oh, I see what you mean. It was a very small department at the time, in fairness, and she died not long before the course was due to start (all her lectures were still on the timetable Sad) so I imagine the logistics were just all too much. I daresay they did replace her as soon as possible.

One of my other supervisors there was at the time engaged in writing Parseltongue for Warner Bros. in the tradition of geek culture (Elvish, Klingon) he created an entire language rather than a few random sounds for the script.

University education is wasted on the young.

OP posts:
BestIsWest · 27/07/2016 09:02

Also on the Consonant shift re the Portuguese, They use 'R' where other languages use 'l', eg. praca, praia, prata, branco instead of place, playa,plate, blanca, blanche from English, Spanish, French etc.

FruitCider · 27/07/2016 09:05

I learned that culture and religion plays a massive impact on the way people experience psychosis.

Selective seretonin reuptake inhibitors (antidepressants) aren't very selective, apart from citalopram, which is why citalopram is very hard to stop taking and the others have horrible side effects.

A sign of sepsis can be either a high or low temperature.

A high temperature can be a sign that someone is detoxing from benzodiazepines too quickly and is at risk of having a withdrawal seizure.

Something else I learned about addiction is that almost everything we think we know about addiction is wrong

Psychosis is not always bad, schizophrenia is sometimes better left untreated

Dolls are really useful for reducing stress in those with dementia

Service users find my working environment really traumatic

LoucheLady · 27/07/2016 09:06

Fair enough! Uni is definitely wasted on the young. All my best, most motivated classes have been mature students. I have an entire manifesto based on developing life-long learning over uni at eighteen for the day when I get the call from number ten to take over education Grin

QueenofLouisiana · 27/07/2016 09:06

Love the idea of speaking German in England! Grin

We noticed that DS codeswitches (in a very minor way) and has done from very young. Y family is from the NE of England, DH is a born and bred cockney. DS swaps between accents and slang depending on which family he is talking to. From being about 2 he would talk to me about baath time, but DH ran a barth apparently. It happens before anyone else speaks so it isn't just mimicking what he hears. I am quietly fascinated by it!

Thank you for the thoughts on colours and how we see them- I'm glad other people find this as interesting as I do!

TinklyLittleLaugh · 27/07/2016 09:35

I was once sitting in a café in Brittany which had tablecloths printed with Breton words and their French and English translations. All the really old basic words, like fire and house, were exactly the same as in Welsh.

NotCitrus · 27/07/2016 09:35

I learned that hearing voices is remarkably common, though people usually don't admit to it - the main problem with schizophrenia and other illnesses where that's a symptom is that the sufferer feels compelled to listen to them.

Eggs in mammals have two poles, and the sperm always enters around the equator, thus defining front and back of the new organism. It's only after about 5 divisions that the ball of cells starts to specialise so some cells are different types from others, though - until that point you can still divide the ball of cells to create identical twins or more and somehow each cell knows where to put top/bottom and front/back axes.

On the subject of twins, the Romans believed twins were one soul with two bodies, so gave them names like Loquax and Anti-Loquax.

NotCitrus · 27/07/2016 09:45

I was once at a loose end in Carmarthen for some hours. I know no Welsh but having heard that it was similar to French and knowing w is a vowel, I managed to decode lots of signs and street names. Eglwys - eglise - church.

I'm fascinated by my children acquiring language - ds age 2 could sign as much as he could speak, but that being roughly the limit of my sign, he stopped using it much as he learnt more and more English, but even 5 years later he will still use a sign for emphasis. And he can code-switch beautifully, from pure Sarf Lahndan Innit with his mates (but all role-playing uses Generic American Tough Guy accent! ), to much more standard English at home and, without my pushing it, Extra Nice Voice with lots of please and thank you when with my parents! Dd is still at the stage of regularising every verb and wants to logicify English.

LoucheLady · 27/07/2016 09:48

And on twins again, the Yoruba of Nigeria (and elsewhere in West Africa) have a massively higher rate of twin conceptions than anywhere else because their staple foodstuff is yams that does something to women's hormones.

TinklyLittleLaugh · 27/07/2016 09:51

DS used to watch Mr Tumble with great interest, though he was a great talker and we had never used any kind of signing. He started making up his own signs. I seem to recall twirling round and touching the floor meant "biscuit" Grin