Here's an example rainbows, with two smalls group of 6 children and their individual progress 8 scores.
group 1 - the average progress 8 score is 0.05. Individual progress 8 scores for each child:
-1.2
-0.8
-0.9
0.9
1
1.3
group 2. The average progress 8 is also 0.05! Individual scores:
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.3
-1.3
0.3
The 0.05 average progress score doesn't tell you ANYTHING. You cannot say that the group performance is average/mediocre. In the first group, half the children have progress well above average, but the other half have progress well below average.
In the 2nd group there is one (1) child with terrible progress dragging the group average down (in statistics he would be called an outlier and removed from the calc - not sure what the govt does with them in their formula). However, ALL other children have above average progress, in group 2.
That is why progress 8 is absolutely meaningless for small groups. It doesn't tell you anything about the group.
It's a simplistic example but it can give you an idea....