I went recently with one teen. My tips.
Things to do:
The teen I went with is into art and design so picked Huis Marseille the photography museum - it was great. The exhibition on (The Sacrifice Zone) was excellent, but closes on March 3rd. Lots to talk about afterwards. We also did the canal museum to give some idea of the city history. They also picked Van Gogh museum and I think if we had longer would have wanted to do Rijksmuseum too.
I forced a walk round the red light district (mostly so I could talk about prostitution, people trafficking etc.) but it was one older teen not sure I'd have done it with an 11year old.
You can put your bikes on the ferry and go over to the other side of the river and have a bit of an explore there. There is a market bit around the botel
I've been a few times so can also recommend the maritime museum, the microbiome museum and the synagogue/jewish museum which tells the story of the holocaust.
Food -wise
Book some cookies to collect from Van Stapele. I forgot and it was raining horribly so we didn't get any.
We went to Toastable in the city centre for lunch and it was a big hit. Not too expensive either.
And one of the chain of pancake places - Pancakes Amsterdam
There is good food market at De Cuyp. If you are willing to pay the food tours are good or put something together yourself - trying to include some Indonesian and Surinamese food. Kantil & de Tiger is a nice Indonesian place in the city centre. I've always wanted to go with a decent groups so I could try lots of things! Simple things to try are Oorlong fries (chips with satay sauce), fernandes soft drinks (be warned they are very lurid).
If you go to the maritime museum first the food might make more sense to your kids as there is a big section on Dutch colonial past.
Not sure if you've travelled in the Netherlands before. Just be warned not everywhere takes credit cards. More places do post Covid but not all. Even the big supermarket chains aren't consistent. Branches in tourist areas do, but branches in more "dutch" neighbourhoods often just take the more common dutch cards. So try to get into the habit of checking before you gleefully load a trolley! I've more than once had to make a dive for some cash in a Albert Hejin, or from a restaurant.