Sorry, I always get them mixed up, it's actually Medi-cal for poor people and Medicare for elderly. To qualify for Medi-cal you need to be not only low income (which isn't so difficult to qualify for) but also have less than $3000 in savings and I think it's possible that you also have to be a legal immigrant, though I'm not totally sure on that one. So an English person on vacation here would be expected to pay their own bills. I didn't know that people who qualify for Medi-cal in the states get special treatment on the NHS. I thought everyone got free treatment...isn't that part of the problem with the NHS...too many patients and not enough money. The reason for the insurance is not to get you better care (like in the uk), but to help pay for the cost of the regular medical care which isn't subsidized by the government the way it is in the UK. Care and free options vary from State to State. For example in California there is very cheap health insurance for the children of poor to middle income people regardless of their immigration status.
If you show up at an emergency room needing care, they must accept you and give you care. However, if you don't have insurance or provable means of paying your bill, then the private hospitals are allowed to transfer you once you are stable to a county (government) hospital. You will be presented with a bill at the end of the end of your stay in either the private or county hospital.
Regarding my insurance... I have 3 individual policies for me and my two children. Each policy has approximately a $3500 deductible, so worst case scenario if all three of us got appendicitis and a broken arm in one year I'd have to fork out $12,000. In fact, last year both my son and I ended up with treatments that used up most of the deductible, so my medical costs last year were about $4,000 for doctors and then another $4000 in insurance premiums. BUT, I could have chosen an insurance that had much much cheaper premiums and no deductible, but far less choice of doctors. In theory, my medical care would have been equally as good, but maybe not as luxurious or pleasant and probably more like what you get in the UK. But the difference is that I get to make that choice.... the government doesn't make it for me.
I think the point of the deductibles is that it forces you to take an interest in the cost of your medical care. This is a big problem in the UK and in my opinion a large part of what is drowning the NHS. I was always amazed how people in my office in the UK would go to the doctor when they caught a cold or got a tummy ache. In the US it costs you money to go to the doctor, so you don't go unless you need it. Here, people generally don't use ambulances to go to hospital because they can't afford a taxi, because you pay for the ambulance. Maybe if fewer people went to the doctor every time they sneezed, there woudl be more money in the system to pay for cataract surgery for the elderly. There also seems to be precious little preventative care in the UK vs what you get in the USA which sort of seems make fairly poor financial sense when you are offering a socialized medical system .