According to Dr Martin Wiselka, Consultant in Infectious Diseases at Leicester Royal Infirmary, England, the pneumococcus (properly known as Streptococcus pneumoniae) is currently responsible for about 20% of bacterial meningitis cases. According to this specialist in infectious diseases, the vaccine is not particularly effective, and therefore it is VITAL to recognise and treat this condition promptly.
She says: "Pneumococcal meningitis is a very serious condition and may lead to death or severe brain damage. Patients must be treated with antibiotics as soon as possible.
"A pneumococcal vaccine is available but gives relatively poor protection in many high risk patients (ie: very young/very old, immunosuppressed.)
"Research studies are attempting to discover the mechanisms by which the bacteria cause disease and will hopefully lead to the development of more effective drugs and vaccines.
"The pneumoccus causes one of the most severe form of meningitis and 20 to 30 per cent of patients will die from the condition.
"A vaccine has been available against pneumococcal infection for several years.
The vaccine is given just once and has few side effects. However it is not effective against all types of pneumococcal and gives poor protection in very young patients, the elderly and those with depressed immune system. Unfortunately, these groups of patients are at most risk from pneumococcal infections. There is, therefore, an urgent need for an improved vaccine.
"Future prospects include development of a more effective vaccine and the use of agents other than antibiotics to assist the recovery from pneumococcal meningitis. It is vital that cases of pneumococcal meningitis are recognised and treated as soon as possible. Research into the disease will hopefully lead to the development of further drugs and more effective vaccines.
Vaccines are not, and never will be, a substitute for prompt, appropriate medical treatment for serious bacterial infections.