Does this look like urine positive for glucose? Photo

[ParisGellar]

I can't decide if this looks positive or not! I bought home urinalysis strips during pregnancy to see if I had any protein, just done one now 14 months later just for fun. But now I'm unsure if this looks like there's some glucose in the urine.

You're being silly now. Have I offended you? What is it that's upset you the most? I was asking opinions and you seem to dislike that. You didn't have to comment.

boogers I'm not sure why your DD's paed would tell you there's no heritable link with T1, or that family history doesn't change susceptibility. Neither is true.

It's quite well known in the medical literature that there's an autoimmune heritable component and that family history does affect your risk. No need for lesser-known journal articles - it's on the NHS's own info website about the condition.

Paris you sought an opinion, I gave mine.

geeka I haven't read the link yet but thank you for providing it (it's bath time and I will download it shortly). If it is different to the information my DD's PDSN gave to her handover school three weeks ago I shall ask why.

Oh that's interesting geeka. I didn't realise it was on there. A quick google would bring that up. Although boogers I still will send you those links if you like

geeka just read that link and I will be talking to DD's PDSN tomorrow. I took what she said at face value.

I started typing a facetious response and deleted it, but does that mean crohns and M.E. is also hereditary? DD has had two blood tests for crohns and they've both come back negative so far. From what we've been told (and it's probably all bullshit from reading here) if you have one autoimmune disorder you're more likely to develop another. True?

I believe that if you have one of the associated autoimmune diseases, eg T1, you have various genes in play for that one specific condition, but one of those also has a role in the development of another disease. My mum has crohn's and her brother has T1. My brother has T1 and I have coeliac disease. I believe there is a common allele between them all but it depends on other genes as well, so having one doesn't make you more likely to get the other. Hope that explanation made sense!

Have you had crunchy nut cornflakes today? The give me a positive result!

Also, there isn't just one blood test to tell you if you have crohn's. I assume the bloods you're referring to are the CRP and ESR, which tend to be first line in a crohn's investigation but aren't always correct as they're quite nonspecific. All of my mum's blood tests were negative but the bowel biopsy was classically diagnostic. So if your DD has symptoms I would push for more investigations, as the bloods aren't always correct.

I had some orange juice sweet. I blame that!

I think there's a tenancy for medicine to seem so defined and certain, but each discovery tends to lead to more questions than answers.

The general trend is that some people are more susceptible to autoimmune conditions and that if you have one in the family you are more likely to see others. I had exercise induced asthma as a child, so my doctor was completely unsurprised when i developed eczema during pregnancy out of the blue. He shrugged and said 'you're atopic'. I've also developed IBS symptoms now in my 30s and again my (different) GP is unsurprised. I suffer hugely from migraines, which have also been linked to IBS.

Atopic refers to allergic conditions such as eczema and asthma which are distinct from autoimmune conditions

Boogers Crohn's disease does have a heritable component where family incidence increases risk, but it's not really clear whether it's an autoimmune reaction (or something else) that's genetic.

The jury is still out regrading heritability of ME, afaik - it's so poorly understood (and inconsistently diagnosed) that research is still in its infancy compared to things like T1 diabetes and Crohn's. Some people argue strongly for one cause or another but the evidence isn't there yet.

With all of these potentially heritable conditions, it's nothing so convenient as "one gene per disease", but more like messy overlapping sets of a few hundred genetic markers that are more common in people with the disease than in the general population. But two individuals with the same condition might have quite different sets of markers. And it's all epigenetic, so environmental influences might act to trigger the disease in one individual but not someone else with an identical set of "problem" genes.

It's a fiendishly difficult problem, which might be why there is inconsistent information out there.

geeka honestly, thank you. I've had a tough few weeks with DD, doesn't excuse me being spiky with Paris but I'm all ears to advice.

At DD's junior school teaching session three weeks ago the (interim, lame) PDSN said she thought juvenieeT1 was caused by excessive hygiene, that we wash too much and use too much bleach. WTF? So because I use bleach wipes on the sideboard and soap in the shower my DD's immune system has backfired? Seriously?

I'm just a mass of grrrr right now, sorry to hijack the thread.

geeka the only other familial immune disorder is MIL with primary biliary cirrhosis, for which she received a liver transplant 15 years ago. You sound like you know what you're talking about, does this sound familiar?

Anyone? I thought there were qualified medical scientists and uber qualified healthcare professionals on here. Seriously, geeka, Paris, you both seem to know exactly what you're talking about, Paris you're a professional scientist, what do you make of what I've told you about DD?

Boogers i think that's what makes this field so difficult, isn't it? Because there is a genetic and environmental component, you can't look at a family at any one time and say categorically 'there isn't a familial trend' because whilst an individual could have the gene subtypes that would make them more susceptible to the disease, they may not have been exposed to the environmental trigger that caused it to be expressed. Unless you were able to formulate a definitive list of gene subtypes that definitely cause an individual to go on to develop Type 1 diabetes, then tested everyone in an extended family, you couldn't say for sure. Some people have developed diabetes after contracting a virus, for example, but may have already been susceptible.

lougle this is the thing I'm wracking my brain about; why DD and not DS? Or why not them both? I just don't understand why, if genetic and environmental factors play such a big part, do my DCs not both have an autoimmune disorder?

I'm going to sleep now but I really would like to explore this further in the morning if anyone's still up for discussion?

Boogers, your children will have inherited different genes from you and their father, so even though one has it, the other mightn't have the same set of genes to influence whether the disease is expressed or not. I have no idea where the excessive hygiene comment has come from by that doctor- it's absolutely irrelevant when we know there's a genetic basis for t1. You appear to have been horribly misinformed many times over the last two years since your DD has been diagnosed.

Paris I have. It's been a difficult night with DD and I'm going round in circles with what's causing her to be sick. The PDSN and consultant refer her back to her GP, her GP refers her back to the diabetic service. In the meantime it's a merry-go-round of symptoms that no healthcare team wants to investigate. I want to cry, or scream, or both!

Sounds an absolute nightmare boogers. Is there another GP you can see? Is there a different hospital you could go to for another opinion? Hope your DD feels better soon.

Boogers The "hygiene hypothesis" is popular and gets media attention, but there's no solid evidence base for it when it comes to autoimmune disorders. I'd politely (or not so politely) slap down anyone who tried to suggest it was a primary cause of T1. There's a chance that early exposure to certain microbes might block expression of "problem" genes, so it might be part of environmental influences, but reduced exposure to microbes could be due to a huge number of things - industrialised urban societies, living in nuclear as opposed to extended families, etc. rather than how often you break out the dettol wipes.

Primary biliary cirrhosis is another heritable condition alright but afaik its links with T1 aren't clear because it's relatively rare and hard to track down the genetic markers. It might overlap to some extent with other autoimmune disorders though, yes, but it's too early to be sure exactly how.

Please don't stress too much about causes - I know it's easy for me to say but I really hope you can step back. Your ds and dd share 50% of their genes, and their environments will have been different (though very similar), so it's nigh on impossible to track exactly what brought about your dd's T1. There was very probably more than one cause and more than one trigger, and it would have been completely outwith anyone's ability to stop the interaction from taking place. I hope she's doing well.

Boogers - may I recommend - as a mum to another little one with T1 D - that you contact Children with Diabetes - Google them - there is so so much information and support out there .. There is a FB group too of incredibly experienced and lovely parents all raising kids with T1 - it has changed my life and my daughters ..
Oh and your pdsn ought to be reported ! Such ignorance !

Just come back from the GP about DD's vomiting and abdo pain. The GP is going to write a letter to her diabetic consultant, the same bloody consultant who discharged her from the hospital 2+ weeks ago! FFS!!! I'm going to compose a letter to PALS, not least for a couple of incidents regarding DD and the GP surgery. I am so hacked off right now, sorry.

Wtf? Surely she needs a Gastro referral! You can get one of these from the diabetic consultant, I'd insist and let him fob you off again. Yy to PALS letter.

Go to the GP for a blood test. Your blood sugar can be really quite high without it showing up in urine if your kidneys are functioning really well. (although urine dip stick is a very fast and cheap test, so still useful). It looks like a trace/+reading to me. With your symptoms you need a blood test.

Btw, in reply to a PP, if you are not diabetic, it doesn't matter what you are eating... Even eating a bowl of sugar shouldn't put your blood sugar out of the normal range, or cause glucose in the urine. (Caveat here, some short term illness and medications might).