OK, this will sound like I'm a hard faced bitch. I'm not, but I grew up with the Navy, and have been married to a nuclear submariner for 22 years.
Yes, it's OK to miss him; it's OK to vent, but you married him knowing what he does.
You have some choices:
1: You put up and shut up, and find your way through it. It is tough, but for your own self respect you have to deal with this. You are an individual, not just a naval wife. You had a life before you got married, make sure you have one firmly in place now, for the times he is away. You have to learn to cope with this. The first four years we were married, dh was away at sea the majority of the time and even in an emergency including my death, he would not have been contactable; and was either doing work up/courses/intel work in London for the rest. I did my degree having worked out that the Navy was what he did and enjoyed, and that there are advantages to not living in each others pockets all the time.
2: You persuade him to leave the French Navy and join Civvy Street, and he will probably resent you for it. He is in a job, which is presumably well paid (and in the present climate that counts for a lot), and with reasonable prospects for the future. If you want him to leave, then tell him so, but don't snipe and drip at him about it. Don't make a pain in the arse of yourself like some wives I have known, constantly ringing and whinging when the boat is alongside. One wife I knew featured heavily in her husband's report from the CO and it was not complimentary.
3: Leave him.
4: Don't vent at him down the phone - my dh gets really frustrated when I do this, as he can't do anything to fix it, and says he would really not talk to me than get whinged at. He needs to know when away that ds and I are OK, and then he can concentrate on what he's doing. Sod's law says that something will go wrong, but most things can be dealt with, even in Brussels with my crap Flemish.
5: Don't dis NATO - you might end up here one day!
Have a long bath, and a good alcoholic drink and a sleep, and I promise it will look better and get easier as you get more used to it. I have been there and done it, but decided that I had to learn to deal with it, otherwise we'd both be unhappy. We go off and do our own things professionally and enjoy the time together that we do get. This is the longest time now that I have lived with him in 22 years (2 years plus), and I enjoy it when he goes away for a bit. More space in the bed, and no-one nagging about the mess!!