Direct discrimination in the provision of services to the public is always unlawful except when a listed exception applies and all (I think) listed exceptions include the “proportionate means to a legitimate end” test. That’s not always the only requirement though, and even that is permitted only for certain characteristics. For example direct discrimination in public service provision on the grounds of race is never permitted - there are no exceptions. It’s not permitted for any purpose.
That’s really interesting. So back to the question of signage? Can I not have an an advert designating that my (eg community ) group is for BAME women?
Indirect discrimination is generally unlawful except where it is a proportionate means to a legitimate end.
👍🏻. For everyone or only for protected groups you mean?
to,answer your second question, no. The only way to keep males out is to have a single sex service. That means all males have to stay out. You can exclude some other people too, as we discussed, but the structure of the EA doesn’t permit you to operate a nearly-single sex service. As soon as you let in one non-male (as categorized by their birth sex) you can no longer rely on the single sex exemption as a shield against claims of unlawful discrimination from the other men you’ve excluded.
Why though? This is exactly what we are debating but you are just repeating it.
Why can’t one say:
ok I’m discriminating against men on the basis of birth sex, for x, y, z reason (legitimate aim).
However because x, y, z reason (legitimate aim) does not in fact apply to trans women , because (eg reasoning offered by court elsewhere as to impact of gender reassignment) , and because the impact on trans women (because a,b,c) would be much greater- for trans women this sex discrimination is a) not a legitimate aim and b) disproportionate , therefore unlawful, and also being not legitimate and disproportionate in its application to trans women because of their gender reassignment , indirectly discriminates against them due to the protected characteristic of gender reassignment. So therefore unlawful.
None of this logically changes, however, the lawfulness of excluding non trans men.
You are clearly more expert in this area of law than me, but you have not yet presented an argument why this is not entirely compatible with both the act and the judgement. ( It is of course incompatible with the draft guidance).