@newbutoldfather I'm not an economist - I just read things that I'm interested in. That's a very nice thing to say though, on a thread where we're talking economics 😊
Economists absolutely don't only think about / optimise on money though - you're not discussing economics enough with your friend if you think so! It's fundamentally about what drives choices - and you can apply the same thinking to any type of resources, any choices, any goals.
It's simply a way of quantifying what someone is willing to give up of one thing to get another, but money can be a handy way to express that. And then it's about modelling what the consequences will be when scaled up to many people with different preferences.
And they certainly consider externalities - consequences that affect a third party who is not directly involved in the transaction (eg climate change or pollution) - and what governments can implement to discourage/mitigate negative externalities or encourage the positive ones. This is economics bread and butter! But the important thing is to quantify it, not base decisions on magical thinking like 'it will massively increase GDP'
In terms of whether people can prove their value in a job (perhaps a slight sidetrack, but happy to follow that thread) people can 'blag it' and underperformed in any job.
I actually think that a CEO's success is pretty quantifiable (eg company profit, market share) . It's easy to be cynical and say they do nothing concrete, but that really doesn't match what I've seen. We'll have to agree to disagree.
A CEO's success is certainly more quantifiable than eg teaching or nursing. As a teacher, you can be judged on your students' exam scores but inspiring students in a life-changing way and teaching genuine understanding are hard to judge.
Interesting that you consider a footballers skill more quantifiable. Quite apart from the fact that they are part of a team, I'd suggest that their success isn't purely how many goals they achieve - but actually how much they contribute to the drama and entertainment of the game, since that's what people are paying for. Perhaps not so quantifiable after all.
But people making hiring decisions do as well as they can on the information they have, and it soon becomes apparent when they've made a mistake. It really is another chip-on-shoulder myth that hiring decisions are based on nepotism. Not these days. Not for jobs that actually matter. A privately owned family business - sure - but not for a listed company.