DS is 10 months as well, and until a month ago, would only be rocked to sleep. He had to be fast asleep before being put in his cot. He usually woke again around 10:30pm, and then he'd end up in the bed with us for the rest of the night, as he was impossible to settle.
We tried controlled crying for one night, but I couldn't do it. I'm sure it would have worked, but DS was hysterical. He even pooed himself (and he'd only been left 2 minutes).
So, I chickened out of that one. I've been trying the Baby Whisperer technique instead. You put your baby down when they are sleepy, but awake. You are 'allowed' to pick up and cuddle your crying baby, but as soon as he/she has stopped crying, you put them down and lay a hand on them until they're in a deep sleep. The method changes slightly according to age - with older babies, it's suggested you do more of the 'put down' part of the method. So, for instance, you wait until your baby has pulled up in her cot and cries for you,and then gently lay her down, say 'sleepytime/bedtime' and put your hand on her. Don't pat her. On the first night, you might have to do this up to 150 times.
It's honestly working with DS. It takes a few weeks, so if you need a quick fix (quite understandable, given your circumstances) then it may not be for you. The first night was admittedly exhausting, but it rapidly improved after that.
On the first night, I noticed the difference in DS' crying. With controlled crying, his cries were panicky, deep sobs. This time, he wasn't hysterical, because he knew I was in the room and hadn't left him. He was just angry, because I wasn't rocking him to sleep as he expected.
It has taken about three weeks, but I'm now in a position where I can put him down in his cot at bedtime and he'll perhaps fuss a little, and then lie down by himself and go to sleep. Usually, he's asleep within ten minutes or so. I don't leave the room during this time and only leave once he's in a deep sleep.
The nights have dramatically improved. Last night he didn't wake until 3:30am, and took just a moment to settle again. He still wakes up early, but I'm working on that.
Nap times are also much, much better (I use the same method).
At some point, I'll begin leaving the room a little earlier. Even so, he's already learning to self-settle - sometimes he cries in the night for a couple of minutes and then goes back to sleep. As I said before, this method is not a quick fix, but even after a few days, I felt like I was finally getting my life back (I do most of the nights as DH works, whereas I am currently a SAHM).
Sorry for the long post! I hope it helps. Good luck. I really hope you get some much-deserved sleep soon!