Yet they have benefitted from a very favourable tax regime. Tax rates were much lower during most of current pensioners’ working lives.
Basic rate was 33% plus 9% NI when I started work.
1972–1973: The standard rate was set at 38.75%, but combined with the surtax on investment income, top marginal rates reached up to 88.75%. 1, 2]
1980s (The Lawson/Howe Reforms): Top rates were slashed dramatically from 83% (earned) and 98% (investment) down to a unified 60%, and eventually a 40% higher rate with a 25% basic rate by 1988.
1990s–2000s: Introduction of a lower starting rate, moving to a standard 3-tier structure (starting/savings rate, 22% basic rate, and 40% higher rate), before the 2008 introduction of a 50% additional rate for high earners (later reduced to 45%). 1]
Yet many received much more generous state help e.g. free higher education and adult education.
Only 5% of the population were graduates.
State pensions they paid for their own parents and grandparents were much lower as were care costs
Not in real terms. Perhaps you have a link to some statistics?
plus there was a huge sell off of national infrastructure, assets and natural resources, the windfall from which was taken as in lower taxes during their working lives or highly lucrative investments that the public was encouraged to participate in.
Well, yes, we know exactly what Thatcher did. It was egregious and many of the apparently intractable problems we currently have are directly due to her misguided and myopic (I’m being kind here) policies.
So of course it’s perfectly possible for them to be wealthy and have higher incomes and have underpaid on tax proportionately to the state services and welfare they receive. I’m not sure why you think this is impossible?
See above.