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‘ Gordon Brown contributed to the UK property bubble by loosening financial regulations, fueling easy credit, and encouraging property speculation. While serving as Chancellor, his policies allowed lenders to offer large mortgages, which pushed house prices to record highs before the 2008 market crash.
Critics point to several key ways his policies stoked the housing boom:
- Light-Touch Regulation
In 1997, Brown gave the Bank of England control over interest rates but stripped it of its banking supervision powers, giving that role to the newly created Financial Services Authority (FSA). This created a fragmented system that failed to monitor high-risk lending. Banks were allowed to lend recklessly, allowing buyers to borrow far more than they could afford.
- Explosion of Buy-to-Let
The government allowed "buy-to-let" mortgages to grow rapidly . This let everyday people buy extra homes to rent out . These amateur landlords flooded the market with cash, competing directly with first-time buyers and driving prices up .
- Culture of Easy Credit
Because his government focused on economic growth through consumption and borrowing, private household debt grew by over £800 billion during his time as Chancellor . This massive amount of borrowed money allowed buyers to easily bid up housing prices .
- Stamp Duty Increases
Brown raised Stamp Duty rates several times while in office . Critics argue this tax grab distorted the market, making moving homes more expensive while locking more people out of the first-time buyer market .
The Result: Boom to Bust
The combined effect of these policies was a massive spike in property values. House prices more than doubled in the decade leading up to 2007 . When the global financial crisis hit, credit dried up , and the housing market crashed—falling by roughly 20%