You can't compare poverty and deprivation to 50 or 100 years ago though - you have to measure it on a relative basis in relation to what the majority deems to be a basic standard of living - unless you want to start claiming that people are only poor if they don't have an indoor toilet and running water!
In the early 20th century, poverty and living standards were defined in the 1942 Beveridge report which outlined the need to tackle the five giants to enable society to recover the ongoing ravages from the first world war and the ongoing ones of the second world war. The report formed the basis on the modern welfare and health system - the cradle to the grave safety net by tackling Want (by ensuring minimum income), Disease (universal healthcare), Ignorance (compulsory universal education), Squalor (suitable housing) and Idleness (employment and job creation).
In the 1970s Peter Townsend started to look at relative poverty and showed that poverty was much more widespread if the definition was based on living conditions and activities that are customary in society - and these things change over time.
In the early 1900's deprivation would have been things like no coat, poor nutrition, overcrowded housing.
In the 1970s it would have been poor diet, not being able to afford a TV or to go for a pint down the pub.
In the 21st century it is things like not having easy digital access or being able to afford to participate in social activities.
Today, the governments poverty stats measure those that have income that is 60% or less of median income after housing costs (rent or mortgage and water). These levels are:
Single adult with no children: approx. £176 per week (£9,152 annually)
Couple with no children: approx. £296 per week (£15,392 annually)
Couple with two children: approx. £547 per week (£28,444 annually)
Based on the Townsend relative deprivation model, poverty is defined as:
Not being able to undertake social activities: Cannot afford a week’s holiday away from home, or cannot invite friends/family over for a meal.
Not being able to meet basic dietary needs: Go without a cooked meal or fresh meat several days a week.
Not being able to mee basic household standards: Cannot afford to replace worn-out furniture or lack access to central heating and basic indoor amenities.
In 1997 33% of children lived in poverty with 25% living in deprivation
By 2008 it was 30% in poverty with 19% in deprivation.
Today childhood poverty remains at the 30% level, but deprivation has increased to 24%.
As a statistical measure childhood poverty has gotten no better in 18 years and relative deprivation has got worse. On top of that there has been a significant reduction in the availability and quality of public services and people's general satisfaction with life.
Studies show that the health and happiness of a population gets worse the bigger the gap between rich and poor.
Post war wealth inequality reduced before starting to increase in the 1980s. In the 1970s CEOs earned around 20 times the amount of a median earner. Today CEOs earn almost 80 times the amount of a median earner.
When you add to that the constant increase in share values and the increase in the number of billionaires which make owners and investors richer while wages stagnate.
It is easy to see how we have got to the position where the top 10% own over 50% of the countries wealth, the top 20% own 63% and the bottom 20% own just 0.5%!