I am commenting from one of the countries that receives all the excess.
A lot of the clothes that have been donated and do not sell, are then sent to African countries. But much is sold, not donated. I suppose someone has to pick up the shipping and duties somewhere along the line, but the sheer amount of stuff that is available is really quite an eye opener.
If I wanted to, right now I could buy a Coach handbag, Lululemon gym set, and a Moncler coat for less than a weeks worth of groceries.
I also think that those companies that you mentioned, offer you a small amount in cash, as they are selling to a bulk buyer for resale. I cannot tell you with certainty what % of the goods coming in, are truly going to charitable causes. Rags are also quite big business, so bales and bales are coming in, to be chopped up. And then after being soaked with oil or whatever, where to they go? Into landfill I suspect.
And then where do all of these clothes end up. Also into landfill. Or as pp said, the fast fashion graveyard beach in Ghana as an example.
But if you think that you are being charitable donating big bags of items to local charity shops and think that every item is going to used by someone in need, then you are very mistaken. Yes, of course SOME funds will go to the linked charity, and SOME items might go to the poorest of poor, but there is no way one charity can move the amount of items that are coming in. From what I see, a first world country charity shop is a place where you drop off items, and then walk away without a thought to where the items go next.
The answer is to just stop buying so much. The amount of items I have seen that are brand new with tags still attached is shocking.
Let's not even go down the route of how this has affected the textile industries here. We have 45% tariffs now on imported clothing coming in, just trying to reduce the amount Shein etc. stuff coming in as well, and try to save this industry that is dying a fast death.