it’s not a battle of academics because no serious academic believes this in 2025, I’m sure you won’t be able to find a published paper pushing this theory from the last 10 years. Did you read the Ehrman link?
“The theory attributing the December 25th date for Christmas to pagan origins first gained significant traction in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was during this period that scholars began to draw parallels between Christian practices and pre-existing pagan traditions.
A notable example is James G. Frazer who published a highly influential book The Golden Bough in 1890. His overall approach was to find cross-cultural parallels between different religious traditions in the past.
Consequently, he suggested that the reason why Christmas is on December 25th has to do with the pagan festival of “Sol Invictus”.
However, upon closer examination, this theory encounters several historical and contextual challenges. One of the key issues is the lack of any contemporary evidence from the early Christian period directly linking the choice of December 25th for Christmas to pagan festivals.
The bishop Ambrose (4th century) described Christ as the sun but he never made the connection between the December 25th and pagan festivals.
Moreover, Christ was often depicted with imagery associated with the sun or as a sun god in various forms of art, including coins and mosaics, particularly in the late Roman and early Byzantine periods (4th to 6th centuries). This iconography was part of the broader cultural and religious context of the time.
Despite that, no Christian or pagan authorsuggested that Christians deliberately chose December 25th as Christmas because of the “Sol Invictus” festival. While this is, to be honest, an argument from silence, some arguments from silence have the force!
The first source that links these two things together comes from the 12th century! It claims that the early Christians changed the celebration of Jesus’ birthday from January 6 to December 25th because of the “Sol Invictus” festival.
Basing a theory about something that occurred in the 3rd or 4th century on a source written c. 800 years later isn’t a proper way to do serious historical work.
The fatal flaw in the theory of pagan origins for Christmas is related to the chronology. I’ve mentioned that in 274 C.E. Emperor Aurelian established the feast of the birth of Sol Invictus on December 25th.
But several decades earlier (c. 203 C.E.), a bishop from Rome, Hippolytus, wrote: “For the first advent of our Lord in the flesh, when he was born in Bethlehem, was December 25th, Wednesday, while Augustus was in his forty-second year, but from Adam, five thousand and five hundred years.” (Comm. on Dan. 23.3.)
In other words, Christians believed that Jesus was born on December 25th decades before Aurelian introduced the “Sol Invictus” festival. This represents a serious blow to the popular theory that seeks the origins of December 25th and Christmas in a particular pagan festival.
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