I'm going to finally bite on housing as set a few misconceptions straight.
I bought my first house on 15th September 1992. I know the date exactly because it was the day before Black Wednesday. The house I bought, a 'starter home' was 2.7 times my gross income, a dream by modern standards, so I had it easy right? Well lets dig a bit deeper.
My take home pay at the time was 909 per month, and the initial 10% mortgage was 360 per month. So my mortgage payments were about 40% of my take home pay, this is high by historic and modern standards. This is important, and is actually the one more of less constant it house prices. First time buyers historically spend 30%-40% of there net income on mortgage repayments, everything else can change, but this is more or less fixed. This is about what people can afford. When people are spending less house prices go up, when more, house prices go down,
So pretty soon after I bought, mortgage rates stared to fall. Great, this makes houses cheaper. No, it means people can bid against each other higher on the same house, and still keep to the 30-40% rule. So house prices went up to match mortgage rates going down, all caused by buyers able to bid more. Between 1992 and 2009 rates dropped from 10% to 1%, this is caused a significant inflation in house prices. As this unwound since 2022 we see house prices deflate slightly compared to earning, to bring it back to 30-40% repayment ratio
When I bought most houses were still bought on one income, but since then two incomes is more usual, Great, we say, we can afford a better house. You must be getting it by now? No, it caused prices to rise as buyers could afford to pay more to keep to the 30-40% repayment ratio
House prices are always what they are, because that is what people can afford. If you give people more money prices go up, Give them less prices go down. Simple really.
If people want to go back to the 3x earnings to house price ratio, reverse these inflationary causes. Interest rates up to 10-15%, one income per household. You will still only be able to afford the repayments on the same house, but it will now be back to the 3x ratio, Be careful what you wish for,
Finally a house is wealth? Is it? The headline might be that I sit in a 1 million pound house (for example). But that just means if I wanted to sell, possibly someone would bid up to 1 million pounds to beat the next lowest bidder to buy it. As people so often say, a house is only worth what someone ELSE is prepared to pay. It's not money in the bank, I can't buy a Ferrai with it or go one holiday. I've had no say in the inflationary pressures that make other people think it is worth that. I will always need a home, so if I want to move, I'll probably have to bid a similar amount to buy a similar house. All it means is that by going to work for 35 years, paying PAYE & NI every month, and consistently spending less than I earn, I will probably have the great at luxury to choose and fund my own care home, and at least choose a nice one.