Sending women down the mine was not going to work well for many for all kinds of practical reasons.
Women were sent down the mines until 1842, and the main objection to them being down there were worries about their moral well-being (like working semi-naked with men) rather than concerns about how to manage their periods.
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I think conditions like dysmenorrhoea, endometriosis and adenomyosis should be conditions that are recognised in the same way pregnancy illness or cancer is, and a number of chronic conditions, in that absence relating to it won't get you called to HR because you've had more 4 days off sick in a year. Most women do manage their periods without much issue, but for some, they are debilitating, and I'm fairly sure if you suffer that badly, you will have already sought medical help - which seems to be very variable in its actual help.
There are far more options these days for flexible working, be it changed hours, working from home or whatever. Not all accommodations will work in all roles (the receptionist can't work from home, for example.) But there are more possibilities than there used to be. Even if you have a long term condition, employers can ultimately dismiss you on sickness grounds, if they can show you're not capable of requirements of the job.
All this is already in employment law - I'm not sure it needs more, except perhaps to say it also covers dysmenorrhoea etc. You will still get employers treat things differently. My previous employer said it needed no separate policy for menopause, as it was already covered by various sickness policies and so on (although it was specifically excluded from the private health cover.) I discovered last week my current employer offers up to £750 for private menopause consultations and treatment. I expect you would get similar variations for menstrual issues, too.