You absolutely aren't being over dramatic OP! I had a problem with my boss at one place I worked at, I reported it to the owner of the business, but of course she listened to my bosses side, and sided with her, because it would have been harder to replace her than it would me, as I was only 'support staff'. I ended up getting a telling off from both of them, which I felt was totally unwarranted and humiliating. The whole situation had been building up for a long time, and when I left work that night, I'd reached my limit. I drove home, got through my front door, and then collapsed on the floor in the hall, where my DH found me some time later, still sobbing my heart out, as it all just seemed SO unfair! When he eventually managed to calm me down, he told me that no job, and no amount of money was worth my health and mental wellbeing, which was backed up by my elderly Mum, who's advice I trusted unquestioningly. So I went in the next morning and gave my notice. While all of this had been going on, I had of course been looking for another job, and having put my resignation letter on the bosses desk at 9.00am, I received a phone call at 9.10am, from an agency offering me a long term position that I'd interviewed for a week previously. I can't tell you how good I felt, but just having put my resignation letter on her desk, I felt like a 10 ton weight had been lifted off my shoulders, even if I didn't have a job to go to.
I think in your shoes, while off sick, I would write/email HR and tell them that you have been signed off for 2 weeks due to the stress you're under, from working with this woman who is bullying you. Point out that you have made complaints before, and lay out everything you have done to try to get the situation sorted out. Also point out that as 'PlanningTowns' said, 'your employer has a legal duty to ensure your well-being is protected. This includes from bullying', and tell them that they are failing to do this.
As I said previously, I have no experience of working for the NHS, but this simply cannot be allowed to continue, so again, I would urge you to follow 'PlanningTowns' advice, as it sounds like she knows what she's talking about. Maybe even private message her, and have a proper chat about what she knows, and what you can do. Please don't let this woman get away with ruining your career for you.