In 2024, kids who are travelling independently to and from school will struggle without a smartphone. Bus passes, train tickets, maps, timetables and live train/bus running info are all on apps. I also say having life360 (tracker) is valuable for peace of mind (as well as location it shows battery power so if they are not replying you know why and are not panicking.) Also listening to music and reading on Kindle during a journey are both done on smartphone.
It's down to parents to restrict usage via software or physically taking phones away. My teens have tine-limited usage, bedtime blocker and app blocker. They can't download new apps without me checking and don't have social media. I also physically check their phone (search history, photos, messages) for anything untoward and they are left downstairs overnight. It's not all or nothing, you just have to actually do some parenting.